What is Form 1099-DIV?
The 1099-DIV reports dividends and capital-gain distributions paid to you, usually from stocks and mutual funds in a taxable account.
How it works
Your brokerage sends it showing ordinary dividends (Box 1a), the portion that's "qualified" and gets lower rates (Box 1b), and any capital-gain distributions (Box 2a). Qualified dividends are taxed at the favorable long-term capital-gains rates rather than your ordinary rate.
A quick example
What people get wrong
Dividends in a 401(k) or IRA don't trigger a 1099-DIV — the form only shows up for taxable accounts, which is one reason tax-advantaged accounts are so powerful.