IRS Form Schedule C

Form Schedule C: Profit or Loss From Business

A plain-English guide to IRS Form Schedule C — what it's for, who files it, when it's due, and how to complete it.

Form numberSchedule C
Official nameProfit or Loss From Business
CategoryIndividual / business
Typically dueWith Form 1040 (April 15)
Official IRS Form Schedule C (PDF)

What is Form Schedule C?

Schedule C reports the income and expenses of a business you run as a sole proprietor or single-member LLC. The net profit flows to your 1040 and to Schedule SE for self-employment tax.

Schedule C is really a mini profit-and-loss statement. The discipline that makes it easy is categorizing expenses all year, not reconstructing them in April. The most-missed write-offs are business mileage, software and subscriptions, a portion of your phone and internet, and the home-office deduction — each one cuts both income tax and self-employment tax.

UpTax prepares returns and forms like this with AI, then a US CPA or EA reviews every figure before anything is filed — accuracy first, hours saved second.

Who files it

Sole proprietors, freelancers, gig workers and single-member LLC owners.

When it's due

Form Schedule C is generally due With Form 1040 (April 15). Deadlines can move for weekends and holidays, so confirm the exact date for the current year on IRS.gov.

Key lines and parts

Here's what you'll actually fill in on Form Schedule C:

  • Part I — gross income and cost of goods sold
  • Part II — expenses (advertising, supplies, vehicle, home office, etc.)
  • Line 31 — net profit or loss
  • Part IV — vehicle information

How to file

Attach it to your Form 1040. Track income and categorized expenses all year so the numbers are accurate and defensible.

Common mistakes & penalties

Two traps: mixing personal and business spending on one card (making every category a guess), and reporting a loss year after year, which can prompt the IRS to argue your business is really a hobby. Keep a separate business account and keep documentation for anything unusual.
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Frequently asked questions

What is IRS Form Schedule C?

Schedule C reports the income and expenses of a business you run as a sole proprietor or single-member LLC. The net profit flows to your 1040 and to Schedule SE for self-employment tax.

Who has to file Form Schedule C?

Sole proprietors, freelancers, gig workers and single-member LLC owners.

When is Form Schedule C due?

Form Schedule C is generally due With Form 1040 (April 15). Always confirm the current year's date on IRS.gov, since deadlines shift for weekends and holidays.

What's the most common mistake with Form Schedule C?

Two traps: mixing personal and business spending on one card (making every category a guess), and reporting a loss year after year, which can prompt the IRS to argue your business is really a hobby. Keep a separate business account and keep documentation for anything unusual.